聚季胺盐投加方式对厌氧污泥颗粒化的影响研究

投加阳离子聚合物是加速厌氧污泥颗粒化的有效方法,根据静态试验得出的聚季胺盐投加总量,选定了聚季胺盐的几种投加方式（不同的投加量和投加时间间隔）,研究其对实验室规模下的厌氧序批式反应器（ASBR）中污泥颗粒化的影响.试验以污水厂的厌氧污泥为对象,以污泥颗粒的粒径、沉速及出水COD等作为评价污泥颗粒化进程的指标,分析了各投加方式对污泥颗粒化进程的影响,并挑选出适宜的絮凝剂投加方式.结果表明,不同投加方式对ASBR污泥颗粒化进程有不同影响,建议采用每次投加量为0.16～0.32 mg/gMLSS,投加时间间隔为2～5 d,分5～10次投加的方式.     

自热式高温好氧消化的污泥稳定化中试

用自行设计的自热式高温好氧消化(ATAD)工艺中试系统处理城市污水污泥,采用半连续式运行方式,对不同固体停留时间(SRT)下的污泥稳定化效果及消化后污泥的脱水性能、pH值变化和动力学衰减系数(Kd)进行了研究。结果表明,当SRT为10d时,污泥稳定化效果最好,反应器内温度可维持在54~58℃,对挥发性悬浮固体(VSS)的去除率平均达到44.3%,对病原菌的灭活率可达到100%,脱氢酶活性(DHA)下降88.48%,出泥可达到美国A级污泥标准;经消化后污泥的脱水性能明显下降而pH值升高,这是由于在消化过程中有机氮转为氨氮导致污泥上清液中氨氮浓度过高所致;SRT为10d的Kd为0.329d-1,不可降解的VSS浓度为15.09g/L。     

Modelling study of an upflow microbial fuel cell catalysed with anaerobic aged sludge

An electrochemical model for an upflow dual-chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC) process is proposed in this study. The model was set up on the basis of the experimental results and the analysis of biochemical and electrochemical processes in the MFC biocatalysed with anaerobic aged sludge and alternatively fuelled with a synthetic acetate-based and actual domestic wastewaters. Simulation of the process shows that the model describes the process reasonably well with correlation coefficients higher than 0.97. The analysis of model simulation illustrates how the current output depends mainly on the substrate concentration as well as other main variables. The relationship between the current output and over-voltage is revealed by the modelling study. For acetate-based wastewaters with initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations of 350, 700, 1050, and 1400 mg/L, maximum observed power densities were 290, 405, 448, and 525 mW/m² associated with maximum COD removals of 84%, 88%, 83%, and 82%, respectively.     

Flocculation of activated sludge flocs by stimulation of the aerobic biological activity

Activated sludge flocs are known to deflocculate under short-term anaerobic conditions, but little is known about possible reflocculation under subsequent aerobic conditions. When activated sludge flocs from two wastewater treatment plants deflocculated under anaerobic conditions with well-defined shear conditions, they could be almost, but not completely, reflocculated by aeration for 1-2 h under the same shear conditions. If the biological activity was reduced by adding azide, chloramphenicol or by decreasing the temperature, no or only very little reflocculation took place. This indicated that the reflocculation was under direct or indirect microbial control. Only a small part of the reflocculation was due to improved flocculation properties obtained by oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III), which is a better flocculant. Fe(II) was produced under the anaerobic conditions by microbial iron reduction, and it was oxidized to Fe(III) within less than one hour after the aeration was started. However, by comparing two different sludges with different capabilities for iron reduction, iron oxidation and responses to substrate addition, it was found that the aerobic biological activity most likely was of greatest significance for the observed reflocculation and floc formation under aerobic conditions. This was further supported by adding organic substrates (glucose or ethanol) during the aerobic reflocculation phase, which promoted reflocculation. However, some substrates had the opposite effect (acetate and lactate), where a deterioration of the reflocculation was observed, probably due to different responses from different groups of microorganisms in the sludges.     

Role of mass transfer in overall substrate removal rate in a sequential aerobic sludge blanket reactor treating a non-inhibitory substrate

A laboratory study was undertaken to explore the role of mass transfer in overall substrate removal rate and the subsequent kinetic behavior in a glucose-fed sequential aerobic sludge blanket (SASB) reactor. At the organic loading rates (OLRs) of 2-8 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/m³-d, the SASB reactor removed over 98% of COD from wastewater. With an increase in OLR, the average granule diameter (d_p = 1.1-1.9 mm) and the specific oxygen utilization rate increased; whereas biomass density of granules and solids retention time decreased (13-32 d). The intrinsic and apparent kinetic parameters were evaluated using break-up and intact granules, respectively. The calculated COD removal efficiencies using the kinetic model (incorporating intrinsic kinetics) and empirical model (incorporating apparent kinetics) agreed well with the experimental results, implying that both models can properly describe the overall substrate removal rate in the SASB reactor. By applying the validated kinetic model, the calculated mass transfer parameter values and the simulated substrate concentration profiles in the granule showed that the overall substrate removal rate is intra-granular diffusion controlled. By varying different d_p within a range of 0.1-3.5 mm, the simulated COD removal efficiencies disclosed that the optimal granular size could be no greater than 2.5 mm.     

城市低有机质污泥的好氧堆肥研究

针对低有机质含量污泥和难降解调理剂混合堆肥时因发热量不足而易导致堆肥失败的问题,利用草坪碎屑作为污泥堆肥的调理剂,考察了添加草屑发酵物后低有机质污泥的好氧堆肥效果.结果表明,草屑发酵后可转化为易被微生物利用的外加碳源,有利于低有机质污泥的堆肥;将发酵青草按1：5的质量比加到低有机质污泥中,混合后在强制通风条件下进行好氧堆肥,能使污泥堆肥温度升至55℃,并维持3 d以上,使污泥达到无害化和稳定化;对腐熟后的污泥进行植物栽培试验,证明了其可作为有机肥使用,并具有良好的效果.     

剩余污泥强化一级处理抗生素废水

以二级生物处理过程中产生的剩余污泥为絮凝剂强化一级处理抗生素废水。结果表明，在泥水比为1：2．5的条件下，对COD的去除率可达30％左右，对SS的去除率可达90％以上；剩余污泥对废水的pH值有较好的调节能力，并降低了废水对生物的毒性抑制作用，为后续生物处理提供了良好的基质准备。同时，强化一级处理所产污泥的浓缩及脱水性能均较好。     

污泥处理技术的现状及发展探讨

在大量调查研究的基础上，概述污泥处理技术的现状，介绍了污泥处理技术的发展及相关的检测控制仪表、仪器的重要性，经分析各类设备、机械的优劣，提出了规模经营、综合利用的新思路。     

利用正交试验设计法对污泥脱水性能的研究

影响污泥脱水性能的因素多而复杂，正交试验设计方法可以简便、有效地解决各因素对污泥脱水性能影响达到最佳组合，为生产提供可靠的运行参数．     

Influence of loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the flocculation, sedimentation and dewaterability of activated sludge

Laboratory experiments on the activated sludge (AS) process were carried out to investigate the influence of microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), including loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), on biomass flocculation, sludge settlement and dewaterability. The heat EPS extraction method was modified to include a mild step and a harsh step for extracting the LB-EPS and TB-EPS, respectively, from the sludge suspension. Six lab-scale AS reactors were used to grow AS with different carbon sources of glucose and sodium acetate, and different sludge retention times (SRTs) of 5, 10 and 20 days. The variation in the bioreactor condition produced sludge with different abundances of EPS and different flocculation and separation characteristics. The sludge that was fed on glucose had more EPS than the sludge that was fed on acetate. For any of the feeding substrates, the sludge had a nearly consistent TB-EPS value regardless of the SRT, and an LB-EPS content that decreased with the SRT. The acetate-fed sludge performed better than the glucose-fed sludge in terms of bioflocculation, sludge sedimentation and compression, and sludge dewaterability. The sludge flocculation and separation improved considerably as the SRT lengthened. The results demonstrate that the LB-EPS had a negative effect on bioflocculation and sludge-water separation. The parameters for the performance of sludge-water separation were much more closely correlated with the amount of LB-EPS than with the amount of TB-EPS. It is argued that although EPS is essential to sludge floc formation, excessive EPS in the form of LB-EPS could weaken cell attachment and the floc structure, resulting in poor bioflocculation, greater cell erosion and retarded sludge-water separation.